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Chronic Diseases

The thromboxane A2 pathway through its end product thromboxane A2 is implicated in the development and progression of many chronic diseases. There is clear clinical and/or experimental evidence platelet thromboxane A2 release is greatly enhanced in a number of chronic diseases. Frequently in these diseases, the balance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin is significantly altered, resulting in excessive vasoconstriction and disorders of hemostasis. Levels of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 reflect activity of components of the thromboxane A2 pathway resulting in thromboxane A2 generation.

Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension but not vascular disease per se are associated with persistent platelet activation in vivo

"Previous studies relating increased thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis to cardiovascular risk factors do not answer the question whether platelet activation is merely a consequence of more prevalent atherosclerotic lesions or reflects the influence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances on platelet biochemistry and function."

"The occurrence of large-vessel peripheral arterial disease per se is not a trigger of platelet activation in vivo.  Rather, the rate of TXA2 biosynthesis appears to reflect the influence of coexisting disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension on platelet biochemistry and function.  Enhanced TXA2 biosynthesis may represent a common link between such diverse risk factors and the thrombotic complications of peripheral arterial disease."

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Enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“The urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TxB2 was significantly higher in patients with COPD than in control subjects. Moreover, 11-dehydro-TxB2 excretion was inversely related with arterial oxygen tension.”

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Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis and platelet activation

"In the 24 patients in whom the plaque score was measured, multivariate analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and plaque score, age, smoking and hypercholestermia.  Our results indicate the risk factors such as age, hypercholestermia, atherosclerosis and smoking activate platelets in vivo to develop carotid atherosclerosis."

"Multivariate analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and plaque score, age, smoking and hypercholesteremia."

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An Imbalance between the Excretion of Thromboxane and Prostacyclin Metabolites in Pulmonary Hypertension

“An increase in the release of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2, suggesting the activation of platelets, occurs in both the primary and secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension.” By contrast, the release of prostacyclin is depressed in these patients.   Whether the imbalance in the release of these mediators is a cause or a result of pulmonary hypertension is unknown, but it may play a part in the development and maintenance of both forms of the disorder."

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The change of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in arteriogenic impotence.

“Our findings suggest that urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 may have an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of arteriogenic impotence.”

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Changes of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension

"We measured the pulmonary arterial pressure and the level of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and Prostacyclin (PGI2) in 30 stable COPD patients and the level of TXA2 and PGI2 in 10 normal subjects so as to investigate the changes of TXA2 and PGI2 in COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension."

“The results showed that the level of TXA2 increased significantly in COPD patients with dominant and latent pulmonary hypertension when compared with that in normal subjects.”

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Thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function in type II diabetes mellitus

“Tight metabolic control achieved with insulin therapy reduced the levels of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 by approximately 50 percent.”

“Aspirin in low doses (50 mg per day for seven days) reduced urinary excretion of the metabolite by approximately 80 percent in four patients.”

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