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Atherosclerosis

Significance of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 in age-related diseases: Focus on atherothrombosis

"Although urinary11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are largely suppressed with low-dose aspirin, incomplete suppression by aspirin predicts the future risk of vascular events and death in high-risk patients and may identify individuals who might benefit from treatments that more effectively block in vivo TX production or activity. Several disease-modifying agents, including lifestyle intervention, antidiabetic drugs and antiplatelet agents besides aspirin have been shown to reduce TX biosynthesis."

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Prostanoid and TP-receptors in atherothrombosis: Is there a role for their antagonism?

"Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations (i.e. myocardial infarction, stroke) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in Western countries.  Atherogenesis is a pathological process characterised by the deposition of lipids and other blood-borne materials in the arterial wall.  Endothelial dysfunction is considered the first step in the cascade leading up to coronary events."

“Dysfunctional endothelium, characterized by increased COX-activity, releases prostanoids that promote endothelial exposure to adhesion molecules and induce smooth muscle cell contraction.”

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Mechanisms of atherothrombosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

"Chronic obsructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. (Calverley and Walker 2003) In addition to the healthcare costs, COPD imposes a significant burden in terms of disability and impaired quality of life.  Unlike many other leading causes of death and disability, COPD prevalence will raise in the majority of countries as smoking frequency increses and the population ages. (Halbert et al 2006). The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 COPD will be the 5th most prevalent disease worldwide and the 3rd most common cause of death. "

“CPR upregulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor by monocytes, increases the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDL by macrophages with foam cells formation and directly induces expression of adhesion molecules by human endothelial cells.”

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Inflammation and platelet activation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

"Epidemiological evidence indicates that inflammation accompanies the progression of atherosclerosis.  The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to define relationships between platelet activation and inflammation in patients with mild to severe (stages II to IV) peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and matched controls.  The effect of chronic administration of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid was investigated."

“A positive correlation between 11-DHTXB2 and CRP was found in the study population.”

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Relation between atherosclerosis risk factors and aspirin resistance in a primary prevention population.

"Resistance to inhibition of platelet function by aspirin may contribute to future myocardial infarction and stroke.  Adverse cardiovascular outcomes have been associated with aspirin resistance on several different platelet function assays, including the level of urinary 11-dehydro thromboxane B2 (Tx-M), platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate, and closure time on the platelet function analyzer-100.  We examined the concordance of these aspirin-resistance assays and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in a primary prevention population."

“Aspirin resistance by platelet function analyzer-100 was associated only with increased von Willebrand factor levels and not with atherosclerotic risk profile.”

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