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"Background: Lung cancer concerns a woldwide health problem and the efficacy of available treatments is unsatisfactory.  Recently, thromboxane A_{2 (}TXA₂) synthase (TXAS) and receptor (TXA₂R) have been documented to play a role in lung cancer development.  Therefore dual TXA2R modulator may be more efficacious to kill lung tumor cells than single TXAS inhibitor or TXA₂R antagonism.  The close relationship between cyclooxgenase (COX-2) and TXAS also raises the question whether or how TXA₂ contributes to the oncogenic activity of Cox-2. This study is therefore conducted to answer these questions."

"The present study has for the first time shown that dual TXA₂ modulators and the single blocker of TXAS or TXA₂R offer a similar inhibitory role in lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and that the tumor-promoting effects of COX-2 can largely be relayed by TXA₂."

"A growing body of evidence supports the central role of platelets in early events of tumorigenesis and metastasis.  Activated platelets, in response to tissue damage, induce a proinflammatory program involving the aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 which leads to increased tissue concentrations of the proinflammatory and protumorigenic prostaglandin E2.  The central role of platelet activation in cancer development is sustained by the analysis of clinical studies with aspiring showing an anti-cancer efficacy by the drug, even at the low doses used for the prevention of atherothrombosis."

"Activated platelets, in response to tissue damage, induce a proinflammatory program involving the aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2.”

“The central role of platelet activation in cancer development is sustained by the analysis of clinical studies with aspirin showing an anticancer efficacy by the drug, even at the low doses used for the prevention of atherothrombosis."

"It is possible that COX-2 derived TxA₂ could be monitored for the early detection of LC in RA patients, and targeting this molecular pathway may decrease the risk of LC in patients with RA."

"Pancreas-cancer prognosis is dismal, with 5-year survival less than 5%.  Significant relationships between aspirin use and decreased pancreas-cancer incidence and mortality have been shown in four of 13 studies."

"Few Options besides the avoidance of smoking and obesity are available to prevent pancreatic cancer  The association between aspirin use and risk of pancreatic cancer has been inconsistent across studies."

"We observed a significant inverse relationship between aspirin use and risk of pancreatic cancer."

"This study confirms previous observations of the role of TXS in NSCLC using an in-vivo model, providing further support for the potential of TXS inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in the disease."

"Thromboxane synthase (TXS) overexpression increases tumor growth in NSCLC in-vivo."

"Increased TXS, VEGF, and CD-31 in tissue from TXS overexpressing xenografts."

"TXS associated with VEGF and vessel density in patient serum and tissue samples."

"No association with survival alone or in combination with VEGF."

"Novel anti-angiogenic role is NSCLC alone or in combination with other agents."

"Aspirin (ASA) irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) leading to decreased thromboxane-mediated platelet activation.  The effect of ASA ingestion on thromboxane generation was evaluated in patients with diabetes (DM) and cardiovascular disease."

“Patients with DM and CAD have significantly higher mean baseline levels of urinary 11-DHTXB₂ than healthy controls likely indicating a higher platelet activation and risk for CVD.”

"Inflammation is now undisputedly recognized as being a key etiological factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease."

"The daily intake of low-dose aspirin lowers the risk of several cancers among the adults.  The continuous administration of low-dose aspirin to TH-MYCN mice (a model of pediatric neuroblastoma) delays tumor outgrowth and decreases tumor-promoting inflammation by inhibiting regulatory cells of the innate immune system as well as immunosuppressive mediators such as transforming growth factor B and thromboxane A_2.  These findings pave novel avenues for the clinical management of neuroblastoma."

"The anticancer effects of aspirin have been suggested to depend on the inhibition of platelet activation, directly stemming from a reduction in TXA₂ levels. This would be paralleled by a reduction in the metastatic potential of cancer cells and in the levels of COX2, by angiogenesis inhibition as well as by the attenuation of pro-inflammatory pathways involving, among several mediators, PGE2."

“Recently published secondary analyses of cardiovascular trials provide the first randomized evidence that daily aspirin use may also reduce the incidence of all cancers combined, even at low doses (75-100 mg daily)”

“10% reduction in overall cancer incidence beginning during the first 10 years of treatment could tip the balance of benefits and risks favourably in average-risk populations.”

"This Review considers the general mechanism of action that defines aspirin and other non-steroidal anti inflammtory drugs (NSAIDs) as a class, the specific advantages of aspirin over other NSAIDs for prophylactic use, the current evidence concerning the main health outcomes affected by aspirin use, and the hypothesis that inhibition of platelet activiation may mediate both the cardioprotective and cancer preventive effects of low-dose aspirin."

"Excess adiposity may be implicated in RAGE hyperactivation and thromboxane-dependent platelet activation, contributing to obesity-related metabolic and vascular disease."